154 lines
6.9 KiB
Plaintext
Executable File
154 lines
6.9 KiB
Plaintext
Executable File
irq_domain interrupt number mapping library
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The current design of the Linux kernel uses a single large number
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space where each separate IRQ source is assigned a different number.
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This is simple when there is only one interrupt controller, but in
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systems with multiple interrupt controllers the kernel must ensure
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that each one gets assigned non-overlapping allocations of Linux
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IRQ numbers.
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The number of interrupt controllers registered as unique irqchips
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show a rising tendency: for example subdrivers of different kinds
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such as GPIO controllers avoid reimplementing identical callback
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mechanisms as the IRQ core system by modelling their interrupt
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handlers as irqchips, i.e. in effect cascading interrupt controllers.
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Here the interrupt number loose all kind of correspondence to
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hardware interrupt numbers: whereas in the past, IRQ numbers could
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be chosen so they matched the hardware IRQ line into the root
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interrupt controller (i.e. the component actually fireing the
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interrupt line to the CPU) nowadays this number is just a number.
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For this reason we need a mechanism to separate controller-local
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interrupt numbers, called hardware irq's, from Linux IRQ numbers.
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The irq_alloc_desc*() and irq_free_desc*() APIs provide allocation of
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irq numbers, but they don't provide any support for reverse mapping of
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the controller-local IRQ (hwirq) number into the Linux IRQ number
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space.
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The irq_domain library adds mapping between hwirq and IRQ numbers on
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top of the irq_alloc_desc*() API. An irq_domain to manage mapping is
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preferred over interrupt controller drivers open coding their own
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reverse mapping scheme.
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irq_domain also implements translation from Device Tree interrupt
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specifiers to hwirq numbers, and can be easily extended to support
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other IRQ topology data sources.
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=== irq_domain usage ===
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An interrupt controller driver creates and registers an irq_domain by
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calling one of the irq_domain_add_*() functions (each mapping method
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has a different allocator function, more on that later). The function
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will return a pointer to the irq_domain on success. The caller must
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provide the allocator function with an irq_domain_ops structure.
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In most cases, the irq_domain will begin empty without any mappings
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between hwirq and IRQ numbers. Mappings are added to the irq_domain
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by calling irq_create_mapping() which accepts the irq_domain and a
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hwirq number as arguments. If a mapping for the hwirq doesn't already
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exist then it will allocate a new Linux irq_desc, associate it with
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the hwirq, and call the .map() callback so the driver can perform any
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required hardware setup.
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When an interrupt is received, irq_find_mapping() function should
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be used to find the Linux IRQ number from the hwirq number.
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The irq_create_mapping() function must be called *atleast once*
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before any call to irq_find_mapping(), lest the descriptor will not
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be allocated.
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If the driver has the Linux IRQ number or the irq_data pointer, and
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needs to know the associated hwirq number (such as in the irq_chip
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callbacks) then it can be directly obtained from irq_data->hwirq.
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=== Types of irq_domain mappings ===
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There are several mechanisms available for reverse mapping from hwirq
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to Linux irq, and each mechanism uses a different allocation function.
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Which reverse map type should be used depends on the use case. Each
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of the reverse map types are described below:
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==== Linear ====
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irq_domain_add_linear()
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The linear reverse map maintains a fixed size table indexed by the
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hwirq number. When a hwirq is mapped, an irq_desc is allocated for
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the hwirq, and the IRQ number is stored in the table.
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The Linear map is a good choice when the maximum number of hwirqs is
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fixed and a relatively small number (~ < 256). The advantages of this
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map are fixed time lookup for IRQ numbers, and irq_descs are only
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allocated for in-use IRQs. The disadvantage is that the table must be
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as large as the largest possible hwirq number.
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The majority of drivers should use the linear map.
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==== Tree ====
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irq_domain_add_tree()
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The irq_domain maintains a radix tree map from hwirq numbers to Linux
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IRQs. When an hwirq is mapped, an irq_desc is allocated and the
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hwirq is used as the lookup key for the radix tree.
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The tree map is a good choice if the hwirq number can be very large
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since it doesn't need to allocate a table as large as the largest
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hwirq number. The disadvantage is that hwirq to IRQ number lookup is
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dependent on how many entries are in the table.
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Very few drivers should need this mapping. At the moment, powerpc
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iseries is the only user.
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==== No Map ===-
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irq_domain_add_nomap()
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The No Map mapping is to be used when the hwirq number is
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programmable in the hardware. In this case it is best to program the
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Linux IRQ number into the hardware itself so that no mapping is
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required. Calling irq_create_direct_mapping() will allocate a Linux
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IRQ number and call the .map() callback so that driver can program the
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Linux IRQ number into the hardware.
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Most drivers cannot use this mapping.
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==== Legacy ====
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irq_domain_add_simple()
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irq_domain_add_legacy()
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irq_domain_add_legacy_isa()
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The Legacy mapping is a special case for drivers that already have a
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range of irq_descs allocated for the hwirqs. It is used when the
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driver cannot be immediately converted to use the linear mapping. For
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example, many embedded system board support files use a set of #defines
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for IRQ numbers that are passed to struct device registrations. In that
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case the Linux IRQ numbers cannot be dynamically assigned and the legacy
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mapping should be used.
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The legacy map assumes a contiguous range of IRQ numbers has already
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been allocated for the controller and that the IRQ number can be
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calculated by adding a fixed offset to the hwirq number, and
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visa-versa. The disadvantage is that it requires the interrupt
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controller to manage IRQ allocations and it requires an irq_desc to be
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allocated for every hwirq, even if it is unused.
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The legacy map should only be used if fixed IRQ mappings must be
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supported. For example, ISA controllers would use the legacy map for
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mapping Linux IRQs 0-15 so that existing ISA drivers get the correct IRQ
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numbers.
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Most users of legacy mappings should use irq_domain_add_simple() which
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will use a legacy domain only if an IRQ range is supplied by the
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system and will otherwise use a linear domain mapping. The semantics
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of this call are such that if an IRQ range is specified then
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descriptors will be allocated on-the-fly for it, and if no range is
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specified it will fall through to irq_domain_add_linear() which means
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*no* irq descriptors will be allocated.
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A typical use case for simple domains is where an irqchip provider
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is supporting both dynamic and static IRQ assignments.
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In order to avoid ending up in a situation where a linear domain is
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used and no descriptor gets allocated it is very important to make sure
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that the driver using the simple domain call irq_create_mapping()
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before any irq_find_mapping() since the latter will actually work
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for the static IRQ assignment case.
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